Documentation

Learn how to use Porto to analyze beneficial ownership structures in Norwegian companies.

Getting Started

Quick introduction to analyzing ownership structures with Porto.

CSV Format

Specification for importing shareholder data via CSV files.

Terminology

Glossary of Norwegian terms used in ownership analysis.

How It Works

Deep dive into the ownership analysis algorithm.

Key Concepts

Beneficial Owners (Reelle Rettighetshavere)

Under Norwegian law, companies must identify beneficial owners - individuals or entities with significant control. The threshold is:

  • 25% or more ownership stake, OR
  • 25% or more voting rights

Porto calculates both percentages separately, as share classes may have different voting multipliers.

Complex Ownership Structures

Porto handles several challenging scenarios:

  • Circular ownership - When companies own each other in a loop (A owns B, B owns C, C owns A)
  • Multi-layer chains - Ownership through multiple corporate layers
  • Different share classes - Class A and Class B shares with different voting power
  • Family groups - Related individuals whose ownership should be aggregated

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